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猜想词义题解题技能
在浏览中我们常常会碰到很多生词。这时候很多同窗当即翻阅词典，查找词义。如许做不但费时吃力，并且影响浏览速率、影响对语篇的团体掌控。究竟上，浏览材猜中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子乃至段落都有联络。我们能够操纵语境（各种已知信息）猜测、判定某些生词的词义。比来几年来天下同一高考中加大了对考生猜词义才气才气纵横的考核，是以，把握必然的猜词技能，对冲破高考浏览了解、进步我们的英语说话才气才气纵横都有非常首要的意义。
这类题罕见的发问体例有：
The word in paragraph can best be replaced by .
The underlined word most probably means .
By saying , the author means
The expression is closest to
According to the passage, the phrase suggests
The underlined part (in Para. ) means ..
做这类范例的题，要按照词、词组、句子地点的语境来判定其意义。是以谙练把握一些猜词技能是做好这类题的关头。命题者在出这类题时惯用通例词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别重视熟词生义，切不成离开语境想当然。
猜想词义时，普通可操纵以下三个方面的线索：
一． 针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思惟，在文章中对一些首要的观点、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的浅显化的解释。这些解释供应的信息明白详细，所利用的说话浅显易懂，操纵它们来猜想词义就非常简朴。
1． 按照定义（definition）猜想词义
如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么了解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常常利用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
比方：（05 湖北卷A段）Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（传播鼓吹）as its own.
由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：植物的地盘。
（04 浙江卷B段）Green building means reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land.
由定义我们能够推断这里 Green building 指的是甚么。
2．按照复述猜测词义
固然复述不如定义那样松散、详细，但是它供应的信息可觉得浏览者猜想词义供应
根据，起码读者能够按照复述猜想生词的大抵义域（意义范围）。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
同位语复述：在复述中构成同位干系的两部分之间常常利用逗号连接，偶然也利用破折号，，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e. 等。
比方：（05浙江卷B段）In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出世词ocelots的义域：一种靠近灭尽野猫。
定语从句复述：
比方：（04 福建卷E段）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .
According the passage, The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
经由过程whose指导的定语从句，我们能够猜测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出了解题的答案为：D。
2． 按照举例猜想词义
得当的举例能够或许供应猜想生词的首要线索。
比方：（04 辽宁卷C段）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
按照such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应当能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二． 内涵逻辑干系
按照内涵逻辑干系猜测词义是指利用说话知识阐发和判定相干信息之间存在的逻辑干系，然后按照逻辑联络推断生词词义或大抵义域。
1． 按照对比干系猜想词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或征象停止对比性的描述，我们能够按照生词的反义词猜想其词义。表示对比干系的词汇和短语首要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比干系的句子布局：while 指导的并列句。
比方：（NMET 2002 E篇）A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
按照对比干系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很轻易判定了解题的答案为C。
2． 按照比较干系猜想词义
同对比干系相反，比较干系表表示义上的类似干系。表示比较干系的词和短语首要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
比方：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表白短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较干系，其意义附近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意义是健谈的。
3． 按照因果干系猜想词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物征象之间构成因果干系，我们能够按照这类逻辑干系猜测生词词义。
比方：（05上海卷B段）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
按照since 指导的启事状语从句的内容（既然你是我的下属），我们能够推断这里presumptuous的意义是：莽撞的，猖獗的意义，后半句的意义是：我奉告你如何做会是一种猖獗/莽撞的行动。对应的了解题答案为：B。
（05江西卷D段）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
按照启事状语从句的内容，我们能够判定Pruning的意义是：修剪（树枝等）的意义。
4． 按照同义、近义、并列、替代、申明等干系猜想词义
在句子或段落中，我们能够操纵熟谙的词语，按照说话环境所表示的干系推断生词词义。
比方：（05 江苏卷E段）William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
句中good and ill together 更详细地说了然 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难猜测mingled的意义是：异化的，交叉的，答案是：B。
（04 湖北卷C段）Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
按照and three other medical centers 这类并列干系，我们很轻易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中间。
三． 经由过程构词法
在猜想词义过程中，我们还能够依托构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜想词义。
1． 按照前缀猜想词义
比方：（05江西卷E段）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
按照词根educational （教诲的），连络前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便能够猜出co-educational的意义是：男女同校教诲的意义。
2． 按照后缀猜想词义
比方：（05 广东卷E段）It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．
后缀 -ise/ize意义是使成为；使化，连络词根commercial（贸易的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意义是：未被贸易化的。
3． 按照复合词的各部分猜想词义
比方：（05 北京卷B段）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们阐发该词的布局后，就能够猜测出其含义。它由well （好，优良）和design （设想）两部分构成，合在一起便是设想精美的意义。
（04浙江卷D 段）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (技术) no longer exists.
按照分解词中的mass （大量的）和produce （出产），我们能够猜测 mass-produce的意义是：多量量出产；范围出产的意义。
综上所述，操纵各种已知的信息猜测判定生词词义是一项首要的浏览技术。在浏览中我们能够按照实际矫捷利用上面提到的几种猜词技能，解除生词的滋扰，了解文章的思惟，进步浏览速率，同时，进步我们在高考浏览了解中的得分率。
【实战练习训练练习四】（04广东卷 B 篇）
One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65． Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments.
62． The underlined part have access to (in Para. 4) means_____.
A. use B. buy C. produce D. try
【实战练习训练练习五】（04湖北卷 D篇）
Who is there among us who hasnt dreamed of having his or her own small (maybe , several years later , even big ) business , and having wonderful freedom , both from a boss and from the time clock ; the freedom to make up our own rules for our work , and our own plans arranging our own hours of work ? That way work would be both painless and fun . Or , so we imagine .
Well, in fact it isnt quite as simple as that . Yes , it is true that being the boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hours freely if you own your own small business . But in those early years of starting your own business, you shouldnt think of a free day , not to mention flying off for a months vacation . It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week , and if there is a day off , that day might need to be devoted to accounting (算账).
But this negative picture doesnt destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility of getting something wonderful in returnboth material and mentalcontinues to drive that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United States .
70．The expression negative picture most probably means .
A．a terrible experience B．a poor picture
C．limited freedom D．unpleasant situations
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